Hardships of Slavery in the 1800s Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Causes of slavery There are numerous factors attributed to the sprouting of slavery. Among the various factors is poverty. Low living standards and the harsh economy in the 1800s fuelled the emergency of slavery as people struggled to survive. Poor people, especially from Africa and Asia, were pressured by poverty to work for rich people under unfavorable condition to get food. They also accepted or were compelled to accept low payment. Industrial revolution in Europe and discovery of new land (America) brought a need for more work forces. The industries required raw materials and labor force in the production process. A lot of people were required to work in the plantation. The only way to acquire cheap labor was through slavery (Harris 12). Therefore, the west took African slaves to acquire cheap labor force. The slaves were take unwillingly and forced to work. The issue of overpopulation triggered slavery as well. The overpopulated communities sold some of their people to work in the plantations. Consequently, overpopulation is associated with depletion of resources and excess labor. As a result people from the overpopulated areas, for instance, western Africa were left with no option other than working as slaves to earn a living. We will write a custom essay sample on Hardships of Slavery in the 1800s or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Ignorance and lack of education is yet another vector for slavery. In the 1800s education was not very popular in Africa and Asia. Therefore, nationals from these continents had little or no knowledge of their freedom and rights as human beings. In fact, in the 1800s there were limited association to fight for human rights and freedom. The lack of education for Africans and Asians limited their chances of acquiring skilled labor to work in executive post. Therefore, they were to work as slaves. Effects of slavery Slavery had both negative and positive impact on social, political and economical fields. For instance, slavery resulted in separation of families. Strong men were taken to work in the plantations leaving behind their family (Dunaway 63). Additionally, children were separated from their parents and this brought misery and social suffering. Additionally, Slavery led to emergence of social classes. The plantation owners emerged to be very rich and were perceived to be of high status. Consequently they became of the upper social class. Those who worked in the plantation and had less money become of the lower social class. Slavery led to hatred, rivalry and insecurity between societies. For instance, in western Africa the Europeans supplied the African with firearms to facilitate raiding of the slaves.

Impact Of Deforestation On The Amazon Rainforest Of...

Evaluation Research Summary The question researched was â€Å"How does deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest in Brazil, South America, impact the environment?† The topic of deforestation in the Amazon was chosen as there is much concern about the problem and for the future of the Earth. There were different research processes used to discover new information about the problems in the Amazon rainforest such as, an interview with a person who currently lives in Brazil, annotating books, journals, internet research and surveys. These helped me find reliable, credible information and helped me decide when information found was not true. The research was presented as a scientific report. This allowed the findings to be presented. The outcome helped†¦show more content†¦After spending a few hours reading webpages and finding numerous sources, reliable information about deforestation in the Amazon was found. The World Wildlife Fund had very reliable information as there were sources and statistics whi ch could support their statements (World Wildlife fund, 2015). The organisation is very credible as they always publish true information with supporting sources. At times it was difficult to find exact information so narrowing the search made it easier to find information which I was looking for. Webpages are not the best for research but there were a few webpages which were useful when they had sources to support the statements. The next research process chosen was a skype interview with a man who currently lives in Pina, Brazil (Phillips, M, August 2015). This was an extremely useful source as it was firsthand accounts of what is currently happening in the Amazon rainforest. The man told me new information such as laws and politics in which I had currently not learnt about and after the interview I discovered sources which supported what he was telling me. Doing a skype conference was hard because he lived in a different time zone but it was one of the best research processes used. Even though he is not an expert, what he told me during the interview was accurate and reliable because it was supported by

Industiral Revolution Free Essays

The Industrial, French and American Revolutions Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transport, and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions starting in the United Kingdom, then subsequently spreading throughout Europe, North America, and eventually the world. Starting in the later part of the 18th century there began a transition in parts of Great Britain’s previously manual labour based economy towards machine-based manufacturing. It started with the mechanisation of the textile industries, the development of iron-making techniques and the increased use of refined coal. We will write a custom essay sample on Industiral Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now In terms of social structure, the Industrial Revolution witnessed the triumph of a middle class of industrialists and businessmen over a landed class of nobility and gentry. Ordinary working people found increased opportunities for employment in the new mills and factories, but these were often under strict working conditions with long hours of labour dominated by a pace set by machines. Most notably, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth. However, harsh working conditions were prevalent long before the Industrial Revolution took place. Pre-industrial society was very static and often cruel—child labour, dirty living conditions, and long working hours were just as prevalent before the Industrial Revolution. American Revolution The American revolutionary era began in 1763, after a series of victories by British forces at the conclusion of the French and Indian War ended the French military threat to British North American colonies. Adopting the policy that the colonies should pay an increased proportion of the costs associated with keeping them in the Empire, Britain imposed a series of direct taxes followed by other laws intended to demonstrate British authority, all of which proved extremely unpopular in America. Because the colonies lacked elected representation in the governing British Parliament, many colonists considered the laws to be illegitimate and a violation of their rights as Englishmen. In 1772, groups of colonists began to create Committees of Correspondence, which would lead to their own Provincial Congresses in most of the colonies. In the course of two years, the Provincial Congresses or their equivalents rejected the Parliament and effectively replaced the British ruling apparatus in the former colonies, culminating in 1774 with the coordinating First Continental Congress. In response to protests in Boston over Parliament’s attempts to assert authority, the British sent combat troops, dissolved local governments, and imposed direct rule by Royal officials. Consequently, the Colonies mobilised their militias, and fighting broke out in 1775. First ostensibly loyal to King George III, the repeated pleas by the First Continental Congress for royal intervention on their behalf with Parliament resulted in the declaration by the King that the states were â€Å"in rebellion†, and the members of Congress were traitors. In 1776, representatives from each of the original thirteen states voted unanimously in the Second Continental Congress to adopt a Declaration of Independence, which now rejected the British monarchy in addition to its Parliament. The Declaration established the United States, which was originally governed as a loose confederation through a representative democracy selected by state legislatures. French Revolution The French Revolution (1789–1799) was a period of radical social and political upheaval in French and European history. The monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years. French society underwent an epic transformation as feudal, aristocratic, and religious privileges evaporated under a sustained assault from liberal political groups and the masses on the streets. Old ideas about hierarchy and tradition succumbed to new principles of citizenship and inalienable rights. The modern era has unfolded in the shadow of the French Revolution. The growth of republics and liberal democracies, the spread of secularism (the concept that government or other entities should exist separately from religion and/or religious beliefs), the development of modern ideologies, and the invention of total war all mark their birth during the Revolution Destabilisation of accepted process and/or challenge tradition. The term ‘revolution’ is common in all three of the events as societal upheaval and revolt was at the very epicenter of the American, French and Industrial revolutions. Political, social and customary structures were vastly altered, and the ‘common man’ was given an unprecedented voice in matters of national concern. There was a newfound value and respect self determination, and people started to stand up for what they believed was right. The Industrial Revolution profoundly changed the way society functioned as conventionally, people relied on manpower to produce goods and energy, not machines. The introduction of machines in Northern America conflicted with Southern America which lived off plantations and relied on slavery, and this eventually led to the American Civil War. In all three revolutions the destabilisation of a small number of people holding power occurred. The Americans and the French overthrew their governments which were essentially a small number of aristocrats, and the Industrial revolution made it possible for anybody to produce goods and provide services. Job availabilities increased and the employment rate increased. Furthermore, the machinery introduced in the 18th and 19th centuries serves as the very basis of industries today. Whilst the machinery may have evolved, they foreshadowed the technologically savvy and advanced society that today we call the 21st century. How to cite Industiral Revolution, Papers Industiral Revolution Free Essays Essay Questions #1. What were the basic features of the new industrial system created by the Industrial Revolution, and what effects did the new system have on urban life, social classes, family life, and standards of living? Student Contribution #1: I. Basic features of new industrial system a. We will write a custom essay sample on Industiral Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now Organization of labor b. New work disciplines c. Skill specialization d. Transportation system and manufacturing technologies II. Effects of the features a. Urban life i. Encouraged urbanization ii. Built small towns close to urban factories b. Social classes i. Created more hierarchy within society ii. Fostered creation of new social classes c. Family life i. Changed roles for women and children ii. Children worked in the factories rather than attend school or stay at home iii. Child workers often worked longer hours than the parents d. Standards of living i. Created higher quality goods quicker and less expensive ii. Led to lower quality of living e. Society i. Supported population growth 1. Reduced deaths to foreign wars 2. Increased emigration of other countries i. Created better public health policies The rise of industrial society in the West was linked to three historical events. 1) The Protestant Work Ethic which stated that heaven was the reward for working hard. Industrial societies required many people to work hard for little earthly reward, so it was cheaper for the industrialists to have people working for a heavenly reward. 2) The Scientific Revolution which led to advances in technology and development of mac hines to make industrial production possible, efficient, and profitable. ) Autocratic political systems and a strong sense of nationalism which gave countries the structure and motivation to produce goods and services for the glory of the king and the nation. There were other factors that supported industrialization. The Commercial Revolution resulted in the expansion of markets for the sale of manufactured goods. Increases in the population of urban manufacturing cities provided workers for the factories and consumers to purchase the manufactured goods. Banks and wealthy individuals provided investment capital to people to allow them to start businesses, further growing the economy. Transportation systems made it easier to get raw materials to factories and allowed export of finished goods to consumers. The industrialization of the West had an impact on society in six ways. 1) Work sites shifted from farm to factory, requiring workers to move to the cities where the industrial jobs were located, and to learn new skills. 2) Populations grew due to better quality and quantity of food in the cities, fewer deaths as a result of fewer foreign wars, and the separation of sewer water from drinking water and other public health improvements. ) Urbanization was encouraged, which resulted in expanded public education and opportunities for upward social mobility. 4) New social classes were formed, namely the industrial middle class (factory owners) and the industrial working class (factory workers). 5) New economic theories developed. The old economic theory, mercantilism, measured the wealth of a nation by how much gold and silver it controlled. Three new economic theorie s tied wealth to productivity instead of owning gold. ) Classical economists believed in â€Å"laissez faire† policies in which the market was allowed to work unimpeded by outside forces, and that the â€Å"invisible hand† of the market would maximize economic growth and thus benefit everyone in society, the workers as well as the factory owners. This theory took hold at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, around the middle of the 18th century. b) Liberal economists were reformers whose theories gained popularity in the early part of the 19th century. They were reformers who believed the workers were powerless and treated unfairly in the classical system. They supported labor unions to give workers more power, increased pay for workers, and women’s suffrage. c) Radical economists came later, in the mid- 1800s. They wanted to restructure society and distribute wealth evenly among the owners and the workers. Utopian Socialists held this view, and several utopian societies were established during this time. 6) New political theories developed. i) Christian Socialism promoted communal property and living as being based on Christian principles. i) Revolutionary Socialism advocated revolution of the masses against the wealthy as the only way to change society for the better. Revolutionary socialists believed that oppression of the masses by the few had characterized societies since the beginning of time. They wanted to reverse this and put the power in the hands of the people. iii) Anarchism was the most radical theory and promot ed the abolition of all governments. Anarchists believed all governments were bad because they deprived people of freedom. Conflicts among the workers and factory owners were common during industrialization. Workers were treated poorly and had no rights. They were forced to work long hours at low pay in order to maximize production and profit for the factory owners. Women and children often had to work longer hours for less pay and at more dangerous jobs than men. Living conditions for workers were crowded and unsanitary, and their quality of life was terrible. A small number of industrialists became very rich and powerful, while the large number of workers who actually produced the wealth were poor and miserable. Conditions for workers gradually improved during the Industrial Revolution. Craft and industrial labor unions formed, uniting workers under a single leader who spoke with one voice for all of the workers as they fought for changes. Political clubs formed, where new ideas of how society should work were discussed. Neighborhood organizations called â€Å"Friendly Societies† provided care and support for neighbors who were sick or out of work. Occasionally, riots broke out, violent attacks on the industrial class by workers who felt they had no other way to change their lives. All of these actions helped to gradually make the industrial society better for the workers. How to cite Industiral Revolution, Essay examples

Industiral Revolution Free Essays

The Industrial, French and American Revolutions Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transport, and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions starting in the United Kingdom, then subsequently spreading throughout Europe, North America, and eventually the world. Starting in the later part of the 18th century there began a transition in parts of Great Britain’s previously manual labour based economy towards machine-based manufacturing. It started with the mechanisation of the textile industries, the development of iron-making techniques and the increased use of refined coal. We will write a custom essay sample on Industiral Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now In terms of social structure, the Industrial Revolution witnessed the triumph of a middle class of industrialists and businessmen over a landed class of nobility and gentry. Ordinary working people found increased opportunities for employment in the new mills and factories, but these were often under strict working conditions with long hours of labour dominated by a pace set by machines. Most notably, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth. However, harsh working conditions were prevalent long before the Industrial Revolution took place. Pre-industrial society was very static and often cruel—child labour, dirty living conditions, and long working hours were just as prevalent before the Industrial Revolution. American Revolution The American revolutionary era began in 1763, after a series of victories by British forces at the conclusion of the French and Indian War ended the French military threat to British North American colonies. Adopting the policy that the colonies should pay an increased proportion of the costs associated with keeping them in the Empire, Britain imposed a series of direct taxes followed by other laws intended to demonstrate British authority, all of which proved extremely unpopular in America. Because the colonies lacked elected representation in the governing British Parliament, many colonists considered the laws to be illegitimate and a violation of their rights as Englishmen. In 1772, groups of colonists began to create Committees of Correspondence, which would lead to their own Provincial Congresses in most of the colonies. In the course of two years, the Provincial Congresses or their equivalents rejected the Parliament and effectively replaced the British ruling apparatus in the former colonies, culminating in 1774 with the coordinating First Continental Congress. In response to protests in Boston over Parliament’s attempts to assert authority, the British sent combat troops, dissolved local governments, and imposed direct rule by Royal officials. Consequently, the Colonies mobilised their militias, and fighting broke out in 1775. First ostensibly loyal to King George III, the repeated pleas by the First Continental Congress for royal intervention on their behalf with Parliament resulted in the declaration by the King that the states were â€Å"in rebellion†, and the members of Congress were traitors. In 1776, representatives from each of the original thirteen states voted unanimously in the Second Continental Congress to adopt a Declaration of Independence, which now rejected the British monarchy in addition to its Parliament. The Declaration established the United States, which was originally governed as a loose confederation through a representative democracy selected by state legislatures. French Revolution The French Revolution (1789–1799) was a period of radical social and political upheaval in French and European history. The monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years. French society underwent an epic transformation as feudal, aristocratic, and religious privileges evaporated under a sustained assault from liberal political groups and the masses on the streets. Old ideas about hierarchy and tradition succumbed to new principles of citizenship and inalienable rights. The modern era has unfolded in the shadow of the French Revolution. The growth of republics and liberal democracies, the spread of secularism (the concept that government or other entities should exist separately from religion and/or religious beliefs), the development of modern ideologies, and the invention of total war all mark their birth during the Revolution Destabilisation of accepted process and/or challenge tradition. The term ‘revolution’ is common in all three of the events as societal upheaval and revolt was at the very epicenter of the American, French and Industrial revolutions. Political, social and customary structures were vastly altered, and the ‘common man’ was given an unprecedented voice in matters of national concern. There was a newfound value and respect self determination, and people started to stand up for what they believed was right. The Industrial Revolution profoundly changed the way society functioned as conventionally, people relied on manpower to produce goods and energy, not machines. The introduction of machines in Northern America conflicted with Southern America which lived off plantations and relied on slavery, and this eventually led to the American Civil War. In all three revolutions the destabilisation of a small number of people holding power occurred. The Americans and the French overthrew their governments which were essentially a small number of aristocrats, and the Industrial revolution made it possible for anybody to produce goods and provide services. Job availabilities increased and the employment rate increased. Furthermore, the machinery introduced in the 18th and 19th centuries serves as the very basis of industries today. Whilst the machinery may have evolved, they foreshadowed the technologically savvy and advanced society that today we call the 21st century. How to cite Industiral Revolution, Papers Industiral Revolution Free Essays Essay Questions #1. What were the basic features of the new industrial system created by the Industrial Revolution, and what effects did the new system have on urban life, social classes, family life, and standards of living? Student Contribution #1: I. Basic features of new industrial system a. We will write a custom essay sample on Industiral Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now Organization of labor b. New work disciplines c. Skill specialization d. Transportation system and manufacturing technologies II. Effects of the features a. Urban life i. Encouraged urbanization ii. Built small towns close to urban factories b. Social classes i. Created more hierarchy within society ii. Fostered creation of new social classes c. Family life i. Changed roles for women and children ii. Children worked in the factories rather than attend school or stay at home iii. Child workers often worked longer hours than the parents d. Standards of living i. Created higher quality goods quicker and less expensive ii. Led to lower quality of living e. Society i. Supported population growth 1. Reduced deaths to foreign wars 2. Increased emigration of other countries i. Created better public health policies The rise of industrial society in the West was linked to three historical events. 1) The Protestant Work Ethic which stated that heaven was the reward for working hard. Industrial societies required many people to work hard for little earthly reward, so it was cheaper for the industrialists to have people working for a heavenly reward. 2) The Scientific Revolution which led to advances in technology and development of mac hines to make industrial production possible, efficient, and profitable. ) Autocratic political systems and a strong sense of nationalism which gave countries the structure and motivation to produce goods and services for the glory of the king and the nation. There were other factors that supported industrialization. The Commercial Revolution resulted in the expansion of markets for the sale of manufactured goods. Increases in the population of urban manufacturing cities provided workers for the factories and consumers to purchase the manufactured goods. Banks and wealthy individuals provided investment capital to people to allow them to start businesses, further growing the economy. Transportation systems made it easier to get raw materials to factories and allowed export of finished goods to consumers. The industrialization of the West had an impact on society in six ways. 1) Work sites shifted from farm to factory, requiring workers to move to the cities where the industrial jobs were located, and to learn new skills. 2) Populations grew due to better quality and quantity of food in the cities, fewer deaths as a result of fewer foreign wars, and the separation of sewer water from drinking water and other public health improvements. ) Urbanization was encouraged, which resulted in expanded public education and opportunities for upward social mobility. 4) New social classes were formed, namely the industrial middle class (factory owners) and the industrial working class (factory workers). 5) New economic theories developed. The old economic theory, mercantilism, measured the wealth of a nation by how much gold and silver it controlled. Three new economic theorie s tied wealth to productivity instead of owning gold. ) Classical economists believed in â€Å"laissez faire† policies in which the market was allowed to work unimpeded by outside forces, and that the â€Å"invisible hand† of the market would maximize economic growth and thus benefit everyone in society, the workers as well as the factory owners. This theory took hold at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, around the middle of the 18th century. b) Liberal economists were reformers whose theories gained popularity in the early part of the 19th century. They were reformers who believed the workers were powerless and treated unfairly in the classical system. They supported labor unions to give workers more power, increased pay for workers, and women’s suffrage. c) Radical economists came later, in the mid- 1800s. They wanted to restructure society and distribute wealth evenly among the owners and the workers. Utopian Socialists held this view, and several utopian societies were established during this time. 6) New political theories developed. i) Christian Socialism promoted communal property and living as being based on Christian principles. i) Revolutionary Socialism advocated revolution of the masses against the wealthy as the only way to change society for the better. Revolutionary socialists believed that oppression of the masses by the few had characterized societies since the beginning of time. They wanted to reverse this and put the power in the hands of the people. iii) Anarchism was the most radical theory and promot ed the abolition of all governments. Anarchists believed all governments were bad because they deprived people of freedom. Conflicts among the workers and factory owners were common during industrialization. Workers were treated poorly and had no rights. They were forced to work long hours at low pay in order to maximize production and profit for the factory owners. Women and children often had to work longer hours for less pay and at more dangerous jobs than men. Living conditions for workers were crowded and unsanitary, and their quality of life was terrible. A small number of industrialists became very rich and powerful, while the large number of workers who actually produced the wealth were poor and miserable. Conditions for workers gradually improved during the Industrial Revolution. Craft and industrial labor unions formed, uniting workers under a single leader who spoke with one voice for all of the workers as they fought for changes. Political clubs formed, where new ideas of how society should work were discussed. Neighborhood organizations called â€Å"Friendly Societies† provided care and support for neighbors who were sick or out of work. Occasionally, riots broke out, violent attacks on the industrial class by workers who felt they had no other way to change their lives. All of these actions helped to gradually make the industrial society better for the workers. How to cite Industiral Revolution, Essay examples

Case Study of Nursing Ethics And Law Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Case Study of Nursing Ethics And Law. Answer: Introduction Ethics refers to the moral principles, morals and values that are set to guide and govern a certain specific group of people (Shafer-Landau, 2014). A law is a system or rules and regulations that are created by society or group leaders (e.g. government) and are officially enforced to the people to govern and regulate their behavior and actions. Therefore, in this case study I will be discussing the ethics and laws innursing but in reference to the information in the case study. The case study involves a registered nurse, Dr. Lin and three people, Sofie, Cindy and Joseph. Sofie is the immediate patient of Dr. Lin and RN Kiki while Joseph and Cindy are husband and daughter to Sofie respectively. Dr. Lin performs cosmetic operations to Sofie while RN Kikis responsibility is to attend to Sofie on a regular bases. In this essay, I will be discussing the ethical issues that any of the parties may have breached and the laws that they may have broken, especially DR. Lin when he insisted and decided to operate on Sofie even after the nurse discovered that her health was deteriorating which later caused the death of Sofie. Legal Issues Joseph and Cindy would sue Dr. Lin for negligence. Apparently, having known Sofie for many years, the doctor was already aware of her health condition, i.e. about her confusion status, the abnormal rise in her body temperature which indicated signs of urinary tract infection. However, when sofie decided to undergo abdominoplasty surgery and the day came, the doctor still went on to operate on her even after being told about her conditions further deterioration assuming that everything would be okay. The proof for this situation was clear when sofie showed her confusion rate during the day of the surgery. When she reached the hospital and was placed on the surgery bed, she asked Joseph and Cindy she was in the hospital that day which indicated that she never knew what she was doing. Also, Sofie failed to sign the consent forms to authorize the surgery before the surgery begun. The standard of proof needed in this case should be of high quality to be able to convince the court of the l aws that were broken due to the doctors negligence (Lostun et al, 2016 and Murthy, 2007) which later led to post-operative infection and sepsis that caused Sofies death. However, if Dr. Lin was to be reported, he would also require some defense evidence. The doctor would have provided the pre-operative consent form that was signed by Joseph, Sophies husband giving Dr. Lin permission to operate on her. Such a form was meant to show that Joseph was okay with the doctor operating on Sofie even with her current health condition. In such a situation the legal condition of the law states that a patients husband or wife is allowed to sign the consent forms in case the patient is not in a condition to do so on their own. In this case, Sofie had already slept on the surgery bed without signing the pre-operative consent form but the RN nurse noticed it before the actual surgery was began and asked Joseph the forms which he did. Therefore, if Dr. Lin is capable of providing the evidence, it will certainly be considered and argued that he followed the law. Every case has different possible outcomes according to a persons view of the situation (Svider et al, 2013). One of the outcomes that may arise is that, the law may rule in favor of Joseph and Cindy. The law can take into more consideration the fact that Dr. Lin is a well experienced surgeon and that he knows the law that govern his practice better than the patients or the patient relatives. Therefore, he must have known better about the effects and consequences of operating on Sofie with her current health condition and complications. Also, the law may consider that fact that a surgery operation begins exactly when a patients is given aesthetic to induce sleep during the surgery (Reilly et al, 2013). Therefore, the law can rule in favor of Cindy and Joseph by arguing that Dr. Lin had already begun the surgery before the preoperative consent forms were signed by either the patient or immediate relative/partner. On the other hand, the law can rule in favor of Dr. Lin by placing the b lame on Joseph who signed the consent forms while being aware of his wifes condition. Additionally, he was the one who brought her to the hospital to undergo the surgery. Therefore, he should have known that the probability of the operation increasing Sofies complications and deteriorating health would be higher if she underwent the surgery. Ethical Issues Principle of autonomy which states that every individual has the right to make his/her own choice (Shafe, 2014).in this case, Sofie had the right to make the choice of either to go on with the surgery or to wait until she felt better. Sofie exercised that right by choosing to go ahead with the surgery though she did not get the chance to sign the consent forms. Beneficence principle that says that every person should be in a position to act in the best interest of another (Beauchamp et al, 2009). The principle is applied to both the doctors, nurses, patients immediate relatives and partners encouraging them to be capable of making the right choices for the patients, i.e. that which will cause no harm to them but rather be beneficial. In this case, Joseph portrayed to have Sofies best interest in mind when he thought about waiting till Sofie was better to do the surgery. The RN Kiki also exercised this principle by being concerned about Sofies health condition and deterioration and advised Joseph to take her to a General Health practitioner. However, Dr. Lin did not show much of Sofies best interest when he insisted and decided to operate on Sofie even after realizing that her condition was worse on the operation date, i.e. she seemed more confused than before. This principles may raise some conflicts in the minds of the parties according to their positions and relationships with the patient. For instance, doctors have different reasons and methods of considering these two principles compared to the patients relatives and partners (Huxtable, 2013). In this case study, Joseph would be conflicted between protecting Sofie and her health by denying her from undergoing the surgery or make her happy and allow the surgery to be done (which is the decision that she made on her own) but put her health in danger. This would make him be conflicted from adhering to the autonomy or benefice principle (Christen et al, 2014). Additionally, the doctor would be conflicted to either go ahead with the operation after Sofie made the decision to go ahead with it, or not to operate by putting her health in arms way/danger. This means that he would be confused about which principle to adhere to, whether autonomy or benefice principle. According to Kerridge et al, 2013, the conflict or confusion experienced by the parties can be solved if all these parties are able to recognize and understand both ethical and legal implications that may arise as a result of their practice or decision. However, they should also be able to differentiate between the two aspects (ethics and law) that may cause those consequences. As for Joseph, he should be able to differentiate between being a husband a play his role or being just a supporter to Sophie. Which means that he should know and understand the consequences if he acted as a husband and kept her health and life a priority (law) or be her supporter and allow the surgery even with her condition (ethics). As for the doctor, he should be ready to point out the consequences of his negligence (Pandit et al, 2009 and Rao, 2009))(law) which could cause death and infection and the consequence of quality care and beneficence principle (ethics) which was to allow Sofie make the decision to go ahead with the operation even with her condition. By identifying, understanding and practicing all of these ethical and legal issues, the parties can be in a better position to make the right decision that adheres to both the ethical and legal principles in medicine andnursing (Stepanov et al, 2013). Conclusion Ethics and laws are basically a set of rules, regulations and principles that are meant to govern and direct the behavior and actions of a group of people. Their main aim is to ensure that all the group members behave evenly and if not, they are punished equally. The ethical and legal issues governing the medical world all revolve around ensuring the safety of a patients health. In the case study, the doctor should have though better about the consequence that may arise if he failed to practice any other ethics and laws that govern his practice. However, Joseph and Cindy should also have known about the possible effects of the surgery to Sofies health. The nurse should have insisted on taking Sofie to a GP doctor which would indicate her desire to provide quality and effective care to her patient. All these parties ended up assuming and ignoring many aspects which later led to Sofies health deterioration hence her death. References Christen, M., Ineichen, C., Tanner, C. (2014). How moral are the principles of biomedical ethics?a cross-domain evaluation of the common morality hypothesis.BMC medical ethics,15(1), 47. Huxtable, R. (2013). For and against the four principles of biomedical ethics.Clinical Ethics,8(2-3), 39-43. Kerridge, I.,and Stewart, C., (2013). Ethics and law for health professionals. Journal of Australia, Vol 99, No. 7. Lostun, A., Keresztesi, A., Hainarosie, R., Lostun, G. (2016). Medical Negligenceis There a Defined Pattern?.REVISTA DE CHIMIE,67(12), 2425-2428. Murthy, K. K. (2007). Medical negligence and the law.Indian J Med Ethics,4(3), 116-8. Pandit, M. S., Pandit, S. (2009). Medical negligence: Coverage of the profession, duties, ethics, case law, and enlightened defense-A legal perspective.Indian journal of urology: IJU: journal of the Urological Society of India,25(3), 372. Rao, S. J. (2009). Medical negligence liability under the consumer protection act: A review of judicial perspective.Indian journal of urology: IJU: journal of the Urological Society of India,25(3), 361. Reilly, B. K., Horn, G. M., Sewell, R. K. (2013). Hearing loss resulting in malpractice litigation: what physicians need to know.The Laryngoscope,123(1), 112-117. Shafer-Landau, R. (2014). The fundamentals of ethics. Stepanov, N. A., Smith, M. K. (2013). Double standards in special medical research: questioning the discrepancy between requirements for medical research involving incompetent adults, and medical research involving children.Journal of law and medicine,21(1), 47-52. Svider, P. F., Keeley, B. R., Zumba, O., Mauro, A. C., Setzen, M., Eloy, J. A. (2013). From the operating room to the courtroom.The Laryngoscope,123(8), 1849-1853. Beauchamp, T. L.,Childress,J. F., (2009). Principles of Biomedical Ethics, Sixth Edition, Oxford University Press,- Medical - 417 pages.