War Strategists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

War Strategists - Essay Example Thus, Jomini’s hypothesis of technique altogether depended on geometric contemplations. He upheld thinking close by parts of the enemy’s power before striking the basic target. Fundamentally, Clausewitz and Jomini hypotheses have monstrously added to comprehension today’s military profession1. As needs be, the FM 3.0 speaks to a progressive takeoff from past speculations. It has occupied with an operational of utilizing such standards as hostile, soundness or common help activities simultaneously as a component of a between dependent joint power to snatch, hold and endeavor the activity, tolerating commonsense hazard accordingly producing open doors for accomplishing definitive outcomes. The FM 3.0 tasks essentially started an exhaustive change in the military by catching the solder’s experience over t various long periods of broad battle. It thusly changed the army’s conceptualization of tasks henceforth it embraced FSO as a focal precept of how it applies its capacities. Thusly, the idea of FSO assumes basic jobs in the military. FM 3.0 mirrors a comprehensive comprehension of the various effects of bunch long stretches of determined clash in armed force activities. It puts accentuates on individuals over innovation, henceforth center around an activity and obligation at lower levels of command2. It is significant that, understanding the operational condition and the fascinating issues, requires an exact system that extends past the military dynamic procedure. As of now, the operational condition has encountered a gigantic crisis of half and half dangers thus significantly expanding vulnerability in the operational condition. Accordingly, it has required the need of making groups to work intimately with joint interagency and global resources among secluded powers. Furthermore, working with have country accomplices, collaboration requires broad individual participation rather than military order. At long last, the capacity to transmit clear and brief messages to target crowds assumes a basic job in conveying deadly battle work. Therefore, it requires a suitable system so as to guarantee triumphant accomplishment in FSO. Accordingly, ebb and flow research has uncovered that, the FM 3.0 has received an unconventional system alluded to as quick assault war procedure. Also, the system has put together its establishment with respect to nine compressive standards for accomplishment in FSO3. The quick assault methodology involves work of lightning assaults, overpowering the foe with speed promotion concentrated fire-power. Ordinarily, lightning war methodology generally depends on tanks, which join with speed. Its fundamental standard involves barrage of a frail point in the foe guard followed by bluffs and careful tests to discover an advancement point, in addition to a subsequent enclosure to forestall flanking and catching residual powers. In like manner, at the destruction of the adversary, a subsequent po wer may hold the position, while the primary power proceeds onward rapidly to the following objective. Quick assault methodology works completely by stun and depends totally the move and shock standards instead of wearing out the foe by long barrage or pitched fights. Thus, it speaks to a normal crosscountry method for overcoming enormous tracts of generally safeguarded land. Also, it infers diverting a dispatched the adversary from managing your attacks4. So also, the FM 3.0 gives

That vs. Which

That versus Which That versus Which That versus Which By Ali Hale One of our perusers, Justin, as of late wrote to inquire: While editing a friends article on the close planetary system, I understood that she, and I, are uncertain of the best possible utilization of that and which in a sentence. The following is [SIC] two instances of a similar sentence, one utilizing that and the other which. As far as anyone is concerned, it is the main body in the close planetary system which as of now continues life, albeit a few different bodies are under scrutiny. As far as anyone is concerned, it is the main body in the close planetary system that as of now continues life, albeit a few different bodies are under scrutiny. Which is the right sentence, and what is the general dependable guideline? Justin, Ill offer you the response now, instead of making you read as far as possible of the entire article: the second form of that sentence, utilizing that is right. When To Use That and When To Use Which Before I make advances on the that/which rule, only an update that â€Å"who† ought to consistently be utilized when alluding to individuals. The kid who tossed the ball. This is the lady who consistently wears a dark shawl. When alluding to objects, however, the standard for utilizing â€Å"that† and â€Å"which† accurately is straightforward: THAT ought to be utilized to present a prohibitive statement. WHICH ought to be utilized to present a non-prohibitive or incidental condition. In the event that that leaves you more befuddled than when you started this article, read on A prohibitive condition is one which is basic to the importance of a sentence †if it’s expelled, the significance of the sentence will change. For instance: Seats that don’t have pads are awkward to sit on. Games that include wagering cash ought not be played in school. As far as anyone is concerned, it is the main body in the nearby planetary group that right now supports life A non-prohibitive statement can be forgotten about without changing the importance of a sentence. Non-prohibitive provisos are either in sections or have a comma when them (or just before them in the event that they come toward the finish of a sentence): Seats, which are found in numerous work environments, are frequently awkward to sit on. I sat on an awkward seat, which was in my office. Why You Need to Use That or Which Correctly Changing that to which or the other way around can totally change the significance of a sentence. Think about the accompanying models: My vehicle that is blue goes extremely quick. My vehicle, which is blue, goes extremely quick. The principal sentence utilizes that †recommending I own more than one vehicle (and in any event, inferring my different vehicles probably won't be so quick). This is the thing that occurs on the off chance that we forget about the provision and compose: My vehicle that is blue goes quick. My vehicle goes quick. The sentence’s importance has changed: the peruser doesn't know which one of my vehicles goes quick. In any case, the sentence utilizing which basically illuminates the peruser that my vehicle is blue. We can take the provision out without losing any basic data: My vehicle, which is blue, goes extremely quick. My vehicle goes extremely quick. That and Which in Common Usage Today is regular for which to be utilized with both non-prohibitive and prohibitive conditions, particularly in casual settings: Who ate the cake that I purchased toward the beginning of today? Who ate the cake which I purchased toward the beginning of today? The provision â€Å"that I purchased this morning† is basic to the significance †I’m not getting some information about a cake which I purchased yesterday, or this evening. Accordingly, the principal model utilizing â€Å"that† is the right one, however numerous individuals would not consider the second ungrammatical. It is, nonetheless, inaccurate even in casual settings to utilize that for a non-prohibitive or parenthical condition. For instance, these sentences would be viewed as off base: This PC, that I have never preferred, is extremely moderate. The blue work area, that my dad gave me. A simple method to keep an eye out for these is to search for examples where you have a comma followed by the word that. On the off chance that Id know this years back, it would have spared me a great deal of dissatisfaction with Microsoft Word! Despite the fact that the use of which has been loose somewhat, it is still better to keep your composition as clear as conceivable by utilizing which for just non-prohibitive conditions, and that for prohibitive ones. Along these lines, to come back to Justins model: As far as anyone is concerned, it is the main body in the nearby planetary group which as of now continues life, albeit a few different bodies are under scrutiny. As far as anyone is concerned, it is the main body in the nearby planetary group that as of now continues life, albeit a few different bodies are under scrutiny. The subsequent sentence, utilizing that is right, yet numerous individuals would consider the main sentence passable as well. In a conventional setting, for example, a logical paper, it is smarter to utilize that for all out clearness. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Grammar classification, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:50 Slang Terms for MoneyDo you situate yourself, or orientate yourself?Neither... or then again?

Contracting Procurement And Contract Management Case Study

Contracting Procurement And Contract Management Case Study Contracting Procurement And Contract Management â€" Case Study Example > CONTRACTING AND PROCUREMENTCONTRACT TYPES RECOMMENDEDThis project requires various items to be delivered for its successful completion. However, there are several types of contracts that can be recommended for use. Project managers must understand that there is a substantial need to have the required knowledge on contract management before choosing the best type of contract. One of the most crucial terms that are worth noting is the contract management life cycle (CMLC). According to the Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply. Contract management life cycle “is the process of systematically and efficiently managing contract creation, execution, and analysis for maximizing operational and financial performance and minimizing risk” (Bartle Korosec, 2013). Contract management systems range from simple database systems that allow companies to find their contracts and track basic information (such as contract expiration dates and deadlines) to contract lifecycle management ( CLM) systems that attempt to automate the entire contract lifecycle, from the initial contract request through contract creation, signing, filing, and post-contract reporting. Some systems are primarily intended to support the procurement function, and others the sales contracting function, but increasingly these systems are being designed to handle all types of contracts. While a simple database and tickler system may be adequate for companies with only a small number of contracts to deal with, more fully featured CLM systems add significant features and functions to help manage what, for many companies, is an increasingly complex and critical area. This means that there are issues that must be considered when choosing the best contract in a given project. For the case of IOC One, one of the key issues that will be vital is selecting and recommending a contract type the maximization of financial and operational performance. In such a case, the selected contract type should be abl e to produce the best results despite the current and the changing situations in the market (Berrios, 2006). Secondly, the issue of risks should be minimized. For this project, there are several risks that can be anticipated, but the contract type should be in a better position to minimize all these risks at all costs. Finally, the recommended contract type will be efficient and effective in the delivery of the required materials for the success of the project (Wang HU, 2007). One of the most recommended contract type for this project is fixed price contracts. This is one of the most applied and modern type of contract across the globe. This type of contracts is also referred to as lump sum contract. In such a type of contract, the buyer of any given products and the seller will agree on a certain fixed price. The fixed price type of contract is free from the negative issues such as inflation. This advantage is mainly effective for projects that run for more than one year. In thi s case, the project manager will not be worried about the changes in economy that can adversely affect the prices of the commodities and materials used in the project. The provider or supply of the drilling materials and equipment in this project will have to agree with the buyer and in this case, this can be the project managers or the representatives of IOC One (Nemec, Mericková Grega, 2014).

Hardships of Slavery in the 1800s Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Causes of slavery There are numerous factors attributed to the sprouting of slavery. Among the various factors is poverty. Low living standards and the harsh economy in the 1800s fuelled the emergency of slavery as people struggled to survive. Poor people, especially from Africa and Asia, were pressured by poverty to work for rich people under unfavorable condition to get food. They also accepted or were compelled to accept low payment. Industrial revolution in Europe and discovery of new land (America) brought a need for more work forces. The industries required raw materials and labor force in the production process. A lot of people were required to work in the plantation. The only way to acquire cheap labor was through slavery (Harris 12). Therefore, the west took African slaves to acquire cheap labor force. The slaves were take unwillingly and forced to work. The issue of overpopulation triggered slavery as well. The overpopulated communities sold some of their people to work in the plantations. Consequently, overpopulation is associated with depletion of resources and excess labor. As a result people from the overpopulated areas, for instance, western Africa were left with no option other than working as slaves to earn a living. We will write a custom essay sample on Hardships of Slavery in the 1800s or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Ignorance and lack of education is yet another vector for slavery. In the 1800s education was not very popular in Africa and Asia. Therefore, nationals from these continents had little or no knowledge of their freedom and rights as human beings. In fact, in the 1800s there were limited association to fight for human rights and freedom. The lack of education for Africans and Asians limited their chances of acquiring skilled labor to work in executive post. Therefore, they were to work as slaves. Effects of slavery Slavery had both negative and positive impact on social, political and economical fields. For instance, slavery resulted in separation of families. Strong men were taken to work in the plantations leaving behind their family (Dunaway 63). Additionally, children were separated from their parents and this brought misery and social suffering. Additionally, Slavery led to emergence of social classes. The plantation owners emerged to be very rich and were perceived to be of high status. Consequently they became of the upper social class. Those who worked in the plantation and had less money become of the lower social class. Slavery led to hatred, rivalry and insecurity between societies. For instance, in western Africa the Europeans supplied the African with firearms to facilitate raiding of the slaves.

Impact Of Deforestation On The Amazon Rainforest Of...

Evaluation Research Summary The question researched was â€Å"How does deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest in Brazil, South America, impact the environment?† The topic of deforestation in the Amazon was chosen as there is much concern about the problem and for the future of the Earth. There were different research processes used to discover new information about the problems in the Amazon rainforest such as, an interview with a person who currently lives in Brazil, annotating books, journals, internet research and surveys. These helped me find reliable, credible information and helped me decide when information found was not true. The research was presented as a scientific report. This allowed the findings to be presented. The outcome helped†¦show more content†¦After spending a few hours reading webpages and finding numerous sources, reliable information about deforestation in the Amazon was found. The World Wildlife Fund had very reliable information as there were sources and statistics whi ch could support their statements (World Wildlife fund, 2015). The organisation is very credible as they always publish true information with supporting sources. At times it was difficult to find exact information so narrowing the search made it easier to find information which I was looking for. Webpages are not the best for research but there were a few webpages which were useful when they had sources to support the statements. The next research process chosen was a skype interview with a man who currently lives in Pina, Brazil (Phillips, M, August 2015). This was an extremely useful source as it was firsthand accounts of what is currently happening in the Amazon rainforest. The man told me new information such as laws and politics in which I had currently not learnt about and after the interview I discovered sources which supported what he was telling me. Doing a skype conference was hard because he lived in a different time zone but it was one of the best research processes used. Even though he is not an expert, what he told me during the interview was accurate and reliable because it was supported by

Industiral Revolution Free Essays

The Industrial, French and American Revolutions Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transport, and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions starting in the United Kingdom, then subsequently spreading throughout Europe, North America, and eventually the world. Starting in the later part of the 18th century there began a transition in parts of Great Britain’s previously manual labour based economy towards machine-based manufacturing. It started with the mechanisation of the textile industries, the development of iron-making techniques and the increased use of refined coal. We will write a custom essay sample on Industiral Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now In terms of social structure, the Industrial Revolution witnessed the triumph of a middle class of industrialists and businessmen over a landed class of nobility and gentry. Ordinary working people found increased opportunities for employment in the new mills and factories, but these were often under strict working conditions with long hours of labour dominated by a pace set by machines. Most notably, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth. However, harsh working conditions were prevalent long before the Industrial Revolution took place. Pre-industrial society was very static and often cruel—child labour, dirty living conditions, and long working hours were just as prevalent before the Industrial Revolution. American Revolution The American revolutionary era began in 1763, after a series of victories by British forces at the conclusion of the French and Indian War ended the French military threat to British North American colonies. Adopting the policy that the colonies should pay an increased proportion of the costs associated with keeping them in the Empire, Britain imposed a series of direct taxes followed by other laws intended to demonstrate British authority, all of which proved extremely unpopular in America. Because the colonies lacked elected representation in the governing British Parliament, many colonists considered the laws to be illegitimate and a violation of their rights as Englishmen. In 1772, groups of colonists began to create Committees of Correspondence, which would lead to their own Provincial Congresses in most of the colonies. In the course of two years, the Provincial Congresses or their equivalents rejected the Parliament and effectively replaced the British ruling apparatus in the former colonies, culminating in 1774 with the coordinating First Continental Congress. In response to protests in Boston over Parliament’s attempts to assert authority, the British sent combat troops, dissolved local governments, and imposed direct rule by Royal officials. Consequently, the Colonies mobilised their militias, and fighting broke out in 1775. First ostensibly loyal to King George III, the repeated pleas by the First Continental Congress for royal intervention on their behalf with Parliament resulted in the declaration by the King that the states were â€Å"in rebellion†, and the members of Congress were traitors. In 1776, representatives from each of the original thirteen states voted unanimously in the Second Continental Congress to adopt a Declaration of Independence, which now rejected the British monarchy in addition to its Parliament. The Declaration established the United States, which was originally governed as a loose confederation through a representative democracy selected by state legislatures. French Revolution The French Revolution (1789–1799) was a period of radical social and political upheaval in French and European history. The monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years. French society underwent an epic transformation as feudal, aristocratic, and religious privileges evaporated under a sustained assault from liberal political groups and the masses on the streets. Old ideas about hierarchy and tradition succumbed to new principles of citizenship and inalienable rights. The modern era has unfolded in the shadow of the French Revolution. The growth of republics and liberal democracies, the spread of secularism (the concept that government or other entities should exist separately from religion and/or religious beliefs), the development of modern ideologies, and the invention of total war all mark their birth during the Revolution Destabilisation of accepted process and/or challenge tradition. The term ‘revolution’ is common in all three of the events as societal upheaval and revolt was at the very epicenter of the American, French and Industrial revolutions. Political, social and customary structures were vastly altered, and the ‘common man’ was given an unprecedented voice in matters of national concern. There was a newfound value and respect self determination, and people started to stand up for what they believed was right. The Industrial Revolution profoundly changed the way society functioned as conventionally, people relied on manpower to produce goods and energy, not machines. The introduction of machines in Northern America conflicted with Southern America which lived off plantations and relied on slavery, and this eventually led to the American Civil War. In all three revolutions the destabilisation of a small number of people holding power occurred. The Americans and the French overthrew their governments which were essentially a small number of aristocrats, and the Industrial revolution made it possible for anybody to produce goods and provide services. Job availabilities increased and the employment rate increased. Furthermore, the machinery introduced in the 18th and 19th centuries serves as the very basis of industries today. Whilst the machinery may have evolved, they foreshadowed the technologically savvy and advanced society that today we call the 21st century. How to cite Industiral Revolution, Papers Industiral Revolution Free Essays Essay Questions #1. What were the basic features of the new industrial system created by the Industrial Revolution, and what effects did the new system have on urban life, social classes, family life, and standards of living? Student Contribution #1: I. Basic features of new industrial system a. We will write a custom essay sample on Industiral Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now Organization of labor b. New work disciplines c. Skill specialization d. Transportation system and manufacturing technologies II. Effects of the features a. Urban life i. Encouraged urbanization ii. Built small towns close to urban factories b. Social classes i. Created more hierarchy within society ii. Fostered creation of new social classes c. Family life i. Changed roles for women and children ii. Children worked in the factories rather than attend school or stay at home iii. Child workers often worked longer hours than the parents d. Standards of living i. Created higher quality goods quicker and less expensive ii. Led to lower quality of living e. Society i. Supported population growth 1. Reduced deaths to foreign wars 2. Increased emigration of other countries i. Created better public health policies The rise of industrial society in the West was linked to three historical events. 1) The Protestant Work Ethic which stated that heaven was the reward for working hard. Industrial societies required many people to work hard for little earthly reward, so it was cheaper for the industrialists to have people working for a heavenly reward. 2) The Scientific Revolution which led to advances in technology and development of mac hines to make industrial production possible, efficient, and profitable. ) Autocratic political systems and a strong sense of nationalism which gave countries the structure and motivation to produce goods and services for the glory of the king and the nation. There were other factors that supported industrialization. The Commercial Revolution resulted in the expansion of markets for the sale of manufactured goods. Increases in the population of urban manufacturing cities provided workers for the factories and consumers to purchase the manufactured goods. Banks and wealthy individuals provided investment capital to people to allow them to start businesses, further growing the economy. Transportation systems made it easier to get raw materials to factories and allowed export of finished goods to consumers. The industrialization of the West had an impact on society in six ways. 1) Work sites shifted from farm to factory, requiring workers to move to the cities where the industrial jobs were located, and to learn new skills. 2) Populations grew due to better quality and quantity of food in the cities, fewer deaths as a result of fewer foreign wars, and the separation of sewer water from drinking water and other public health improvements. ) Urbanization was encouraged, which resulted in expanded public education and opportunities for upward social mobility. 4) New social classes were formed, namely the industrial middle class (factory owners) and the industrial working class (factory workers). 5) New economic theories developed. The old economic theory, mercantilism, measured the wealth of a nation by how much gold and silver it controlled. Three new economic theorie s tied wealth to productivity instead of owning gold. ) Classical economists believed in â€Å"laissez faire† policies in which the market was allowed to work unimpeded by outside forces, and that the â€Å"invisible hand† of the market would maximize economic growth and thus benefit everyone in society, the workers as well as the factory owners. This theory took hold at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, around the middle of the 18th century. b) Liberal economists were reformers whose theories gained popularity in the early part of the 19th century. They were reformers who believed the workers were powerless and treated unfairly in the classical system. They supported labor unions to give workers more power, increased pay for workers, and women’s suffrage. c) Radical economists came later, in the mid- 1800s. They wanted to restructure society and distribute wealth evenly among the owners and the workers. Utopian Socialists held this view, and several utopian societies were established during this time. 6) New political theories developed. i) Christian Socialism promoted communal property and living as being based on Christian principles. i) Revolutionary Socialism advocated revolution of the masses against the wealthy as the only way to change society for the better. Revolutionary socialists believed that oppression of the masses by the few had characterized societies since the beginning of time. They wanted to reverse this and put the power in the hands of the people. iii) Anarchism was the most radical theory and promot ed the abolition of all governments. Anarchists believed all governments were bad because they deprived people of freedom. Conflicts among the workers and factory owners were common during industrialization. Workers were treated poorly and had no rights. They were forced to work long hours at low pay in order to maximize production and profit for the factory owners. Women and children often had to work longer hours for less pay and at more dangerous jobs than men. Living conditions for workers were crowded and unsanitary, and their quality of life was terrible. A small number of industrialists became very rich and powerful, while the large number of workers who actually produced the wealth were poor and miserable. Conditions for workers gradually improved during the Industrial Revolution. Craft and industrial labor unions formed, uniting workers under a single leader who spoke with one voice for all of the workers as they fought for changes. Political clubs formed, where new ideas of how society should work were discussed. Neighborhood organizations called â€Å"Friendly Societies† provided care and support for neighbors who were sick or out of work. Occasionally, riots broke out, violent attacks on the industrial class by workers who felt they had no other way to change their lives. All of these actions helped to gradually make the industrial society better for the workers. How to cite Industiral Revolution, Essay examples

Industiral Revolution Free Essays

The Industrial, French and American Revolutions Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transport, and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions starting in the United Kingdom, then subsequently spreading throughout Europe, North America, and eventually the world. Starting in the later part of the 18th century there began a transition in parts of Great Britain’s previously manual labour based economy towards machine-based manufacturing. It started with the mechanisation of the textile industries, the development of iron-making techniques and the increased use of refined coal. We will write a custom essay sample on Industiral Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now In terms of social structure, the Industrial Revolution witnessed the triumph of a middle class of industrialists and businessmen over a landed class of nobility and gentry. Ordinary working people found increased opportunities for employment in the new mills and factories, but these were often under strict working conditions with long hours of labour dominated by a pace set by machines. Most notably, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth. However, harsh working conditions were prevalent long before the Industrial Revolution took place. Pre-industrial society was very static and often cruel—child labour, dirty living conditions, and long working hours were just as prevalent before the Industrial Revolution. American Revolution The American revolutionary era began in 1763, after a series of victories by British forces at the conclusion of the French and Indian War ended the French military threat to British North American colonies. Adopting the policy that the colonies should pay an increased proportion of the costs associated with keeping them in the Empire, Britain imposed a series of direct taxes followed by other laws intended to demonstrate British authority, all of which proved extremely unpopular in America. Because the colonies lacked elected representation in the governing British Parliament, many colonists considered the laws to be illegitimate and a violation of their rights as Englishmen. In 1772, groups of colonists began to create Committees of Correspondence, which would lead to their own Provincial Congresses in most of the colonies. In the course of two years, the Provincial Congresses or their equivalents rejected the Parliament and effectively replaced the British ruling apparatus in the former colonies, culminating in 1774 with the coordinating First Continental Congress. In response to protests in Boston over Parliament’s attempts to assert authority, the British sent combat troops, dissolved local governments, and imposed direct rule by Royal officials. Consequently, the Colonies mobilised their militias, and fighting broke out in 1775. First ostensibly loyal to King George III, the repeated pleas by the First Continental Congress for royal intervention on their behalf with Parliament resulted in the declaration by the King that the states were â€Å"in rebellion†, and the members of Congress were traitors. In 1776, representatives from each of the original thirteen states voted unanimously in the Second Continental Congress to adopt a Declaration of Independence, which now rejected the British monarchy in addition to its Parliament. The Declaration established the United States, which was originally governed as a loose confederation through a representative democracy selected by state legislatures. French Revolution The French Revolution (1789–1799) was a period of radical social and political upheaval in French and European history. The monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years. French society underwent an epic transformation as feudal, aristocratic, and religious privileges evaporated under a sustained assault from liberal political groups and the masses on the streets. Old ideas about hierarchy and tradition succumbed to new principles of citizenship and inalienable rights. The modern era has unfolded in the shadow of the French Revolution. The growth of republics and liberal democracies, the spread of secularism (the concept that government or other entities should exist separately from religion and/or religious beliefs), the development of modern ideologies, and the invention of total war all mark their birth during the Revolution Destabilisation of accepted process and/or challenge tradition. The term ‘revolution’ is common in all three of the events as societal upheaval and revolt was at the very epicenter of the American, French and Industrial revolutions. Political, social and customary structures were vastly altered, and the ‘common man’ was given an unprecedented voice in matters of national concern. There was a newfound value and respect self determination, and people started to stand up for what they believed was right. The Industrial Revolution profoundly changed the way society functioned as conventionally, people relied on manpower to produce goods and energy, not machines. The introduction of machines in Northern America conflicted with Southern America which lived off plantations and relied on slavery, and this eventually led to the American Civil War. In all three revolutions the destabilisation of a small number of people holding power occurred. The Americans and the French overthrew their governments which were essentially a small number of aristocrats, and the Industrial revolution made it possible for anybody to produce goods and provide services. Job availabilities increased and the employment rate increased. Furthermore, the machinery introduced in the 18th and 19th centuries serves as the very basis of industries today. Whilst the machinery may have evolved, they foreshadowed the technologically savvy and advanced society that today we call the 21st century. How to cite Industiral Revolution, Papers Industiral Revolution Free Essays Essay Questions #1. What were the basic features of the new industrial system created by the Industrial Revolution, and what effects did the new system have on urban life, social classes, family life, and standards of living? Student Contribution #1: I. Basic features of new industrial system a. We will write a custom essay sample on Industiral Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now Organization of labor b. New work disciplines c. Skill specialization d. Transportation system and manufacturing technologies II. Effects of the features a. Urban life i. Encouraged urbanization ii. Built small towns close to urban factories b. Social classes i. Created more hierarchy within society ii. Fostered creation of new social classes c. Family life i. Changed roles for women and children ii. Children worked in the factories rather than attend school or stay at home iii. Child workers often worked longer hours than the parents d. Standards of living i. Created higher quality goods quicker and less expensive ii. Led to lower quality of living e. Society i. Supported population growth 1. Reduced deaths to foreign wars 2. Increased emigration of other countries i. Created better public health policies The rise of industrial society in the West was linked to three historical events. 1) The Protestant Work Ethic which stated that heaven was the reward for working hard. Industrial societies required many people to work hard for little earthly reward, so it was cheaper for the industrialists to have people working for a heavenly reward. 2) The Scientific Revolution which led to advances in technology and development of mac hines to make industrial production possible, efficient, and profitable. ) Autocratic political systems and a strong sense of nationalism which gave countries the structure and motivation to produce goods and services for the glory of the king and the nation. There were other factors that supported industrialization. The Commercial Revolution resulted in the expansion of markets for the sale of manufactured goods. Increases in the population of urban manufacturing cities provided workers for the factories and consumers to purchase the manufactured goods. Banks and wealthy individuals provided investment capital to people to allow them to start businesses, further growing the economy. Transportation systems made it easier to get raw materials to factories and allowed export of finished goods to consumers. The industrialization of the West had an impact on society in six ways. 1) Work sites shifted from farm to factory, requiring workers to move to the cities where the industrial jobs were located, and to learn new skills. 2) Populations grew due to better quality and quantity of food in the cities, fewer deaths as a result of fewer foreign wars, and the separation of sewer water from drinking water and other public health improvements. ) Urbanization was encouraged, which resulted in expanded public education and opportunities for upward social mobility. 4) New social classes were formed, namely the industrial middle class (factory owners) and the industrial working class (factory workers). 5) New economic theories developed. The old economic theory, mercantilism, measured the wealth of a nation by how much gold and silver it controlled. Three new economic theorie s tied wealth to productivity instead of owning gold. ) Classical economists believed in â€Å"laissez faire† policies in which the market was allowed to work unimpeded by outside forces, and that the â€Å"invisible hand† of the market would maximize economic growth and thus benefit everyone in society, the workers as well as the factory owners. This theory took hold at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, around the middle of the 18th century. b) Liberal economists were reformers whose theories gained popularity in the early part of the 19th century. They were reformers who believed the workers were powerless and treated unfairly in the classical system. They supported labor unions to give workers more power, increased pay for workers, and women’s suffrage. c) Radical economists came later, in the mid- 1800s. They wanted to restructure society and distribute wealth evenly among the owners and the workers. Utopian Socialists held this view, and several utopian societies were established during this time. 6) New political theories developed. i) Christian Socialism promoted communal property and living as being based on Christian principles. i) Revolutionary Socialism advocated revolution of the masses against the wealthy as the only way to change society for the better. Revolutionary socialists believed that oppression of the masses by the few had characterized societies since the beginning of time. They wanted to reverse this and put the power in the hands of the people. iii) Anarchism was the most radical theory and promot ed the abolition of all governments. Anarchists believed all governments were bad because they deprived people of freedom. Conflicts among the workers and factory owners were common during industrialization. Workers were treated poorly and had no rights. They were forced to work long hours at low pay in order to maximize production and profit for the factory owners. Women and children often had to work longer hours for less pay and at more dangerous jobs than men. Living conditions for workers were crowded and unsanitary, and their quality of life was terrible. A small number of industrialists became very rich and powerful, while the large number of workers who actually produced the wealth were poor and miserable. Conditions for workers gradually improved during the Industrial Revolution. Craft and industrial labor unions formed, uniting workers under a single leader who spoke with one voice for all of the workers as they fought for changes. Political clubs formed, where new ideas of how society should work were discussed. Neighborhood organizations called â€Å"Friendly Societies† provided care and support for neighbors who were sick or out of work. Occasionally, riots broke out, violent attacks on the industrial class by workers who felt they had no other way to change their lives. All of these actions helped to gradually make the industrial society better for the workers. How to cite Industiral Revolution, Essay examples

Case Study of Nursing Ethics And Law Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Case Study of Nursing Ethics And Law. Answer: Introduction Ethics refers to the moral principles, morals and values that are set to guide and govern a certain specific group of people (Shafer-Landau, 2014). A law is a system or rules and regulations that are created by society or group leaders (e.g. government) and are officially enforced to the people to govern and regulate their behavior and actions. Therefore, in this case study I will be discussing the ethics and laws innursing but in reference to the information in the case study. The case study involves a registered nurse, Dr. Lin and three people, Sofie, Cindy and Joseph. Sofie is the immediate patient of Dr. Lin and RN Kiki while Joseph and Cindy are husband and daughter to Sofie respectively. Dr. Lin performs cosmetic operations to Sofie while RN Kikis responsibility is to attend to Sofie on a regular bases. In this essay, I will be discussing the ethical issues that any of the parties may have breached and the laws that they may have broken, especially DR. Lin when he insisted and decided to operate on Sofie even after the nurse discovered that her health was deteriorating which later caused the death of Sofie. Legal Issues Joseph and Cindy would sue Dr. Lin for negligence. Apparently, having known Sofie for many years, the doctor was already aware of her health condition, i.e. about her confusion status, the abnormal rise in her body temperature which indicated signs of urinary tract infection. However, when sofie decided to undergo abdominoplasty surgery and the day came, the doctor still went on to operate on her even after being told about her conditions further deterioration assuming that everything would be okay. The proof for this situation was clear when sofie showed her confusion rate during the day of the surgery. When she reached the hospital and was placed on the surgery bed, she asked Joseph and Cindy she was in the hospital that day which indicated that she never knew what she was doing. Also, Sofie failed to sign the consent forms to authorize the surgery before the surgery begun. The standard of proof needed in this case should be of high quality to be able to convince the court of the l aws that were broken due to the doctors negligence (Lostun et al, 2016 and Murthy, 2007) which later led to post-operative infection and sepsis that caused Sofies death. However, if Dr. Lin was to be reported, he would also require some defense evidence. The doctor would have provided the pre-operative consent form that was signed by Joseph, Sophies husband giving Dr. Lin permission to operate on her. Such a form was meant to show that Joseph was okay with the doctor operating on Sofie even with her current health condition. In such a situation the legal condition of the law states that a patients husband or wife is allowed to sign the consent forms in case the patient is not in a condition to do so on their own. In this case, Sofie had already slept on the surgery bed without signing the pre-operative consent form but the RN nurse noticed it before the actual surgery was began and asked Joseph the forms which he did. Therefore, if Dr. Lin is capable of providing the evidence, it will certainly be considered and argued that he followed the law. Every case has different possible outcomes according to a persons view of the situation (Svider et al, 2013). One of the outcomes that may arise is that, the law may rule in favor of Joseph and Cindy. The law can take into more consideration the fact that Dr. Lin is a well experienced surgeon and that he knows the law that govern his practice better than the patients or the patient relatives. Therefore, he must have known better about the effects and consequences of operating on Sofie with her current health condition and complications. Also, the law may consider that fact that a surgery operation begins exactly when a patients is given aesthetic to induce sleep during the surgery (Reilly et al, 2013). Therefore, the law can rule in favor of Cindy and Joseph by arguing that Dr. Lin had already begun the surgery before the preoperative consent forms were signed by either the patient or immediate relative/partner. On the other hand, the law can rule in favor of Dr. Lin by placing the b lame on Joseph who signed the consent forms while being aware of his wifes condition. Additionally, he was the one who brought her to the hospital to undergo the surgery. Therefore, he should have known that the probability of the operation increasing Sofies complications and deteriorating health would be higher if she underwent the surgery. Ethical Issues Principle of autonomy which states that every individual has the right to make his/her own choice (Shafe, 2014).in this case, Sofie had the right to make the choice of either to go on with the surgery or to wait until she felt better. Sofie exercised that right by choosing to go ahead with the surgery though she did not get the chance to sign the consent forms. Beneficence principle that says that every person should be in a position to act in the best interest of another (Beauchamp et al, 2009). The principle is applied to both the doctors, nurses, patients immediate relatives and partners encouraging them to be capable of making the right choices for the patients, i.e. that which will cause no harm to them but rather be beneficial. In this case, Joseph portrayed to have Sofies best interest in mind when he thought about waiting till Sofie was better to do the surgery. The RN Kiki also exercised this principle by being concerned about Sofies health condition and deterioration and advised Joseph to take her to a General Health practitioner. However, Dr. Lin did not show much of Sofies best interest when he insisted and decided to operate on Sofie even after realizing that her condition was worse on the operation date, i.e. she seemed more confused than before. This principles may raise some conflicts in the minds of the parties according to their positions and relationships with the patient. For instance, doctors have different reasons and methods of considering these two principles compared to the patients relatives and partners (Huxtable, 2013). In this case study, Joseph would be conflicted between protecting Sofie and her health by denying her from undergoing the surgery or make her happy and allow the surgery to be done (which is the decision that she made on her own) but put her health in danger. This would make him be conflicted from adhering to the autonomy or benefice principle (Christen et al, 2014). Additionally, the doctor would be conflicted to either go ahead with the operation after Sofie made the decision to go ahead with it, or not to operate by putting her health in arms way/danger. This means that he would be confused about which principle to adhere to, whether autonomy or benefice principle. According to Kerridge et al, 2013, the conflict or confusion experienced by the parties can be solved if all these parties are able to recognize and understand both ethical and legal implications that may arise as a result of their practice or decision. However, they should also be able to differentiate between the two aspects (ethics and law) that may cause those consequences. As for Joseph, he should be able to differentiate between being a husband a play his role or being just a supporter to Sophie. Which means that he should know and understand the consequences if he acted as a husband and kept her health and life a priority (law) or be her supporter and allow the surgery even with her condition (ethics). As for the doctor, he should be ready to point out the consequences of his negligence (Pandit et al, 2009 and Rao, 2009))(law) which could cause death and infection and the consequence of quality care and beneficence principle (ethics) which was to allow Sofie make the decision to go ahead with the operation even with her condition. By identifying, understanding and practicing all of these ethical and legal issues, the parties can be in a better position to make the right decision that adheres to both the ethical and legal principles in medicine andnursing (Stepanov et al, 2013). Conclusion Ethics and laws are basically a set of rules, regulations and principles that are meant to govern and direct the behavior and actions of a group of people. Their main aim is to ensure that all the group members behave evenly and if not, they are punished equally. The ethical and legal issues governing the medical world all revolve around ensuring the safety of a patients health. In the case study, the doctor should have though better about the consequence that may arise if he failed to practice any other ethics and laws that govern his practice. However, Joseph and Cindy should also have known about the possible effects of the surgery to Sofies health. The nurse should have insisted on taking Sofie to a GP doctor which would indicate her desire to provide quality and effective care to her patient. All these parties ended up assuming and ignoring many aspects which later led to Sofies health deterioration hence her death. References Christen, M., Ineichen, C., Tanner, C. (2014). How moral are the principles of biomedical ethics?a cross-domain evaluation of the common morality hypothesis.BMC medical ethics,15(1), 47. Huxtable, R. (2013). For and against the four principles of biomedical ethics.Clinical Ethics,8(2-3), 39-43. Kerridge, I.,and Stewart, C., (2013). Ethics and law for health professionals. Journal of Australia, Vol 99, No. 7. Lostun, A., Keresztesi, A., Hainarosie, R., Lostun, G. (2016). Medical Negligenceis There a Defined Pattern?.REVISTA DE CHIMIE,67(12), 2425-2428. Murthy, K. K. (2007). Medical negligence and the law.Indian J Med Ethics,4(3), 116-8. Pandit, M. S., Pandit, S. (2009). Medical negligence: Coverage of the profession, duties, ethics, case law, and enlightened defense-A legal perspective.Indian journal of urology: IJU: journal of the Urological Society of India,25(3), 372. Rao, S. J. (2009). Medical negligence liability under the consumer protection act: A review of judicial perspective.Indian journal of urology: IJU: journal of the Urological Society of India,25(3), 361. Reilly, B. K., Horn, G. M., Sewell, R. K. (2013). Hearing loss resulting in malpractice litigation: what physicians need to know.The Laryngoscope,123(1), 112-117. Shafer-Landau, R. (2014). The fundamentals of ethics. Stepanov, N. A., Smith, M. K. (2013). Double standards in special medical research: questioning the discrepancy between requirements for medical research involving incompetent adults, and medical research involving children.Journal of law and medicine,21(1), 47-52. Svider, P. F., Keeley, B. R., Zumba, O., Mauro, A. C., Setzen, M., Eloy, J. A. (2013). From the operating room to the courtroom.The Laryngoscope,123(8), 1849-1853. Beauchamp, T. L.,Childress,J. F., (2009). Principles of Biomedical Ethics, Sixth Edition, Oxford University Press,- Medical - 417 pages.

Top 7 Rules for Writing a Good Analysis Essay

It is standard to have to write an analysis essay in college or university. You might be asked to analyze a research paper, a movie, a company, a book, or an event or allowed to choose from a selection of analysis essay topics. But what about actual writing a critical essay? Regardless of what you are required to analyze, a critical analysis essay must be written in according to a series of rules that will ensure you have right the structure and content of the analysis paper. Keep reading to learn the top 20 rules for writing an analysis paper from Custom-writing.org experts†¦ 1. Basic principles Before you learn how to start a critical essay, you should understand some fundamentals of writing this paper. In other words, you must understand how to write a good analysis. Essentially, when writing an analysis paper, you aren’t just describing the topic (the what); you write about peculiarities and essence of the topic. When writing a critical analysis essay, you will need to do the following throughout your paper: Explain the meaning of the topic Analyze the topic without bias Compare the topic of the essay to something relevant. You can most easily do this by uncoveringpluses and minuses of the topic and what it is being compared to. Evaluate the subject by providing an argument and defending that opinion with evidence to support it In order to do this, you will have to compose a thesis statement.

Pension Plans in the United States After Retirement

Pension Plans in the United States After Retirement Pension plans are one of the key methods to successfully saving for retirement in the United States, and though the government does not require businesses to provide such plans to its employees, it does offer generous tax breaks to companies that establish and contribute to pensions for their employees. In recent years, defined contribution plans and Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) have become the norm in terms of small businesses, self-employed individuals, and freelance workers. These monthly set amounts, which may or may not be matched by the employer, are self-managed by the employees in their personal savings accounts. The primary method of regulating pension plans in the United States, though, comes from its Social Security program, which benefits anyone who retires after the age of 65, depending on how much one invests over the course of his or her life. Federal agencies ensure that these benefits are met by every employer in the U.S. Are Businesses Required to Offer Pension Plans? There are no laws that require businesses to offer their employees pension plans, however, pensions are regulated by several governing agencies in the United States, which largely helps define what benefits larger businesses must offer their employees - like health care coverage. The  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Department of State  website details that the federal governments tax collection agency, the Internal Revenue Service, sets most rules governing pension plans, and a Labor Department agency regulates plans to prevent abuses. Another federal agency, the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, ensures retiree benefits under traditional private pensions; a series of laws enacted in the 1980s and 1990s boosted premium payments for this insurance and stiffened requirements holding employers responsible for keeping their plans financially healthy. Still, the Social Security program is the greatest way in which the United States government requires businesses to offer their employees long-term pensions options - a just reward for working a full career before retirement. Federal Employee Benefits: Social Security Employees of the  federal government- including  members  of the military and civil service as well as disabled  war  veterans- are offered several types of pension plans, but the most important government-run program is Social Security, which is available after a person retires at or above the age of 65. Although run by the Social Security Administration, the funds for this program come from payroll taxes paid by both employees and employers. In recent years, however, it has come under scrutiny as the benefits received upon retirement  only cover a portion of the income needs of its recipient. Especially because of the retirement of many of the post-war  baby-boom generation early in the 21st century, politicians feared the government wouldnt be able to pay all its obligations without increasing taxes or decreasing benefits for retirees. Managing Defined Contribution Plans and IRAs In recent years, many companies have switched over to what is known as defined contribution plans wherein the employee is given a set amount as part of their salary and is thus tasked with managing their own personal retirement account. In this type of pension plan, the company is not required to contribute to the savings fund of its employee, but many choose to do so based on the result of the employees contract negotiation. In any case, the employee is responsible for managing his or her salary allotment intended for retirement savings. Although it is not difficult to set up a retirement fund with a bank in an Individual Retirement Account (IRA), it can be daunting for self-employed and freelance workers to actually manage their investments into a savings account. Unfortunately, the amount of money these individuals have available at retirement entirely depends on how they invest their own earnings.

Green Mountain Resort Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Green Mountain Resort - Assignment Example His style of managing change include his innate desire to do what is good for the future of the organization but that there are diverse factors, both internal and external, that are beyond his control. According to Palmer, Dunford & Akin (2009), change managers who are caretakers have â€Å"little influence over the direction of change† (p. 30); likewise, as a nurturer, he recognized the ability of the organization to facilitate projecting a positive self-organizing development, by harnessing the organization’s strengths. When Gunter aimed to address the turnover as a problem, he sought other sources of credible information to assist him in solving it through validating the perspectives of the hospitality literature and by seeking the advice of a consultant. As such, he did not impose any form of coercion or autocratic control to steer change; nor did he allow indifference to set in. As such, since it was initially noted that Gunter, as part of the initial management an d now, a property owner, he had genuine intentions for envisioning Green Mountain as a first-class mountain resort. The hospitality literature? The hospitality literature exemplified the image of an interpreter, by â€Å"creating meaning for other organizational members (such as Gunter), helping them to make sense of various organizational events and actions† (Palmer, Dunford, & Akin, 2009, p. 31). ... As emphasized, change managers as coach do not direct action towards members of the organization, but â€Å"relies upon building in the right set of values, skills and â€Å"drills† that are deemed the best ones that organizational members, as players, will be able to draw on adeptly in order to achieve desired organizational outcomes† (Palmer, Dunford, & Akin, 2009, p. 31). By treating turnover as an asset, instead of a liability, the consultant capitalized on the strengths of training that has been consistently accorded by Green Mountain personnel as a means for recruited personnel to develop enhanced knowledge, skills, and competencies in their areas of endeavors. As noted, the turnover issues or problem, as it was initially pegged, was dissolved; and therefore, there is no evident need to solve it. 2. How did these assumptions influence prescriptions for dealing with â€Å"the turnover problem?† These assumptions enabled Gunter to see the turnover issue from different perspectives and by seeing potentials for change using the six images, as proposed. When taking roles and images of change managers from these points of view, Gunter was able to turn what initially was identified as a problem, into an opportunity and as an asset and strength of Green Mountain Resort. In so doing, there was no problem to solve, in the first place, and instead, these assumptions opened a new way of seeing things, of thinking outside the box and thereby classified the scenario as a second-order change: where â€Å"the change interventions are directed at the solution† (Palmer, Dunford, & Akin, 2009, p. 42). 3. Choose another change image and apply it to â€Å"the turnover problem.† To what new

Hemmingway and O'Connor Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hemmingway and O'Connor - Research Paper Example Her pleas not to go Florida are ignored by both her son, Bailey and the daughter in-law. Her grandson, John, asks her to stay at home whereas the granddaughter, June asserts that she would not stay behind for a million bucks. This brings out the disrespect that the children have towards their elders. Furthermore, both Bailey and his wife are not respectful towards Bailey’s mother. Bailey, for instance, does not pay attention to what his mother was telling him (O’Connor par 2). In fact, if he had been keen and attentive and had obeyed his mother pleas, he would have saved his family from the ordeal they face later towards the end of the story. Bailey as the head of the family had a responsibility to his family, to protect it and not to lead it towards harm way (Tonic par 4). The daughter-in law appears to be tongue-tied, as she does not say much throughout the story (Tonic par 3). She also had a responsibility to her family to ensure it was safe. The news of Misfits rele ase was good reason enough for her to agree with her mother-in law but instead she chose to ignore her (O’Connor par 2). As the story develops with the family now on the road, there is a depiction of a normal family with its hassles. For instance, Bailey and his wife do not seem to be in such good terms and each one of them seems lost in their own world (Tonic par 6). They do not release how noisy and out of hand their two kids get while playing games in the car. The grandmother intervenes by telling them a story to calm them down. When they stop for a barbecue, only the grandmother seems to engage in conversations with the shop owner (O’Connor par 14). Once they get back on the road, the grandmother suggests that they go visit an old plantation. Bailey refuses to give in to his mother’s suggestion; however, the children become adamant and insist that they visit the old plantation (O’Connor par 13). It is during this moment that the daughter in-law assert s that they should all stay in the car once they get there (O’Connor par 15). However, the family does not get to see the house since they get into an accident that is caused by the grandmother once she realized that the old plantation was in Tennessee and Toombsboro. It is after the accident that the family meets its demise and they are killed by Misfit (O’Connor par 25). In the short story ‘Hills like Elephants’, Hemmingway uses familial roles to set the story outline. In this story, Hemmingway uses a dialogue of a couple to narrate his story. In the conversation, the couple is having an argument on getting rid of the unborn child (Johnston par 3). The dialogue between the man and the girl as well as the body language infers the background as well as attitudes of both the girl and the man pertaining to situation in sight, and their approaches towards each other. From the inception of the narrative, the contentious character of the couple’s dialogu e designates unease and resentment. The conversation is a refinement of the differences amid stereotypical female and male relationship roles. For example, the girl draws elicits the analogy with ‘white elephants’, whereas the hyper-rational male immediately refutes it, disbanding the poetry bit into objective realism with ‘ I’ve never seen one(Hemmingway par ).’ The girl also asks his approval to order a beer. All through the story, she is distant; the man is rational. While the man tries to frame

Features of Intercultural Communication

Features of Intercultural Communication Intercultural communication is about how people from different cultures communicate. It is a face to face communication between people from different cultures and backgrounds (Lewis, Slade 2000). In University, the mixing of different cultures is a good example of intercultural communications. Every day, we learn different things about different cultures. This is important as it allows the world to grow and become closer allowing countries to have relations with each other and to learn and respect the different beliefs of other cultures. There will be problems faced along the way to achieving these goals nevertheless there are always ways to overcome these problems. Problems such as language barriers, traditionalbeliefs , Gender with regards religion are the main issues which present difficulties towards learning about different cultures. One of the problems that can affect the movement of intercultural communications is traditional beliefs. For example, Koreans traditionally as a sign of acknowledgement and respect, greet one another with a bow. If a westerner goes to Korea and greets a Korean with a wave, it may be disrespectful towards the Korean. This can be overcome by education and the acceptance of multiculturalism within each country. A country cannot expand if it does not except multiculturalism. Storey Douglas said in his article that international communications including the flow of popular culture and news, as well as educational, economic, and professional exchange, are shown to have profound influences on how people develop images of other nations and how perceptions and misperceptions affect interaction at the national level (Douglas 1988). Language is the key to a person’s self-identity. It enables the person to express emotions,  share feelings, tell stories, and convey complex messages and knowledge. Language is our  greatest mediator that allows us to relate and understand each other (Imberti, 2007). It can be defined as a system of conceptual symbols that allows us to communicate. It also provides us with a significant frame of reference and a relational context that sustains our identities (Imberti, 2007). An example of how language can be a barrier towards intercultural communication is when a Chinese man is unable to communicate to a Western man because of his lack of knowledge of the English language vice versa. Aki Uchida mentioned in her article about understanding the need to learn English, she saw it as an important means of relating to people of different cultures and constructing shared knowledge and understanding (Uchida 1997). Understanding the need to learn another language is important for overcoming the language barrier to enable communications between cultures helping us relate to different cultures and sharing our knowledge and understanding of our cultures to them. Some cultures believe that women are inferior to men. It is a barrier preventing us to achieve intercultural communication. For example if a successful Australian woman goes to the middle east where women are permitted to work and their job were to simply stay at home and look after the kids, Middle eastern men may find that very intimidating and offensive therefore avoiding any form of communication with the Australian woman. Aki Uchida suggested in her article that emphasizing the possibility that the beliefs and practices that constitute gender are salient cultural resources and attributes that participants may reject, accept, or integrate in the course of cultural building (Uchida 1997). To build obtain intercultural communications; people have to learn to accept and respect their dogmata of another culture for communication to transpire. In respects to the example I gave, Middle eastern men should accept and respect the culture of Australian society and not be afraid to approach the Australian woman with respect and benevolence. Like-wise the Australian woman should realize their culture and be more respectful towards the men not in an inferior way but a restrained manner (not coming across as too aggressive). These are ways that we can form bridges to further improve our drive towards obtaining intercultural communication with different cultures. However there are still people in the world who are ethnocentric. Ethnocentric is having the idea that your particular belief or culture is better than other cultures and beliefs. Having this mind set will only set us back in hopes of obtaining multiculturalism and cross cultural communication. Ethnocentrism is divided into three stages, denial, defence and minimization are the three ways to define an ethnocentric person (Chu 2014). The person is in denial which means he or she is completely not interested in dealing with people of different cultures (Chu 2014). They are comfortable in their culture and usually do not want to step out and accept a different culture. Some are in Defence and take action towards people of different cultures (Chu 2014). Their actions are usually caused by fear of an unknown belief or action and therefore in defence, they retaliate against the person in other words categorising them as â€Å"minorities†. Minimization is when they recognise a different culture but at a very superficial and minimal kind of level (Chu 2014). Our aim should be to try and help those who are ethnocentric to slowly move towards being ethnorelative. Naomi Ludemen Smith described in her article that to be ethnorelative is to adopt a position that dismantles any notion that there is a set of universal standards by which we can rightfully judge or confront the good and the bad of how a people group, religion, and society lives (Smith 2013). ethno relativism is divided into three stages, acceptance, adaptation and integration. Acceptance is to tolerate different cultures, Adaptation is to experience emphathy towards a different culture and integration is not regarding that there is a dominant culture (Chu 2014). To move from ethnocentrism to ethnorelativism, according to Deardorff, the attitudes move from top to bottom. Firstly, when dealing with another culture, the ethnocentric individual will have to show respect, openness and curiosity discovery (Chu 2014). This is the basic requirement before moving on to the next stage of gaining knowledge and skills to adaptation. Individual has to show cultural self-awareness which is acknowledging that his or her culture is not perfect. After realising this, you will accept another culture and gain an understanding of it and slowly being open o listen, observe and show respect to a different culture (Chu 2014). After which, a desired internal outcome will be obtained. The individual will gain an ethnorelative mindset and will be able to empathise with other cultures. Lastly, the individual will obtain the desired external outcome being able to behave and communicate affectively and appropriately to achieve his or her goals to some degree with another culture (Chu 2014). Our ultimate goal is to achieve intercultural competence in todays globalised society. All these technical tools on how to become more ethnorelative will be completely useless if the individual does not possess the correct ethics. we need to have ethics when it comes to competence of intercultural communication. In order to address ethics in communication, we must recognise them as an extension of personal convictions or we condemn ourselves to study them as idealistic, theoractical constructs (Casmir 2013). We have to gain these ethics ourselves, gaining knowledge of the norms within other cultures and show respect towards these norms, show hospitality to people from other cultures for others to display respect to our culture therefore displaying the awareness of different cultures ethical responses (Chu 2014). At the end of the day, it is people who communicate with each other and not cultures that communicate with each other. If we look at the differences between cultures from our perspective, there are many differences however if you look at it from a individual human to human perspective, There is not much difference in the way people react to things (Chu 2014). We have to put ourselves into unknown territory for us to change and appreciate different cultures and to display ethics. The learning process or acculturation which is the process of the meeting of cultures and the changes which result from such meetings (Chu 2014). How we acculturate is the same as how we learn about things in our daily lives such as university or our work place, we expose ourselves to unknown situations and learn from it by excepting it. Intercultural empathy is shown when we place ourselves in the shoes of someone from a different cultures perspective and try to understand what it is like from their eyes (Chu 2014). It is like setting a goal for ourselves in the future and working backwards from that goal that way guide us and sets a focus into attaining our goal. Intercultural competence is important to communications because it helps us bridge cultural differences within and among nations (Chu 2014). Multiculturalism is spreading around the world due to globali zation with counties helping each other expand through trades and multi national operations. Therefore, migration is high and individuals from different cultures are made to interact with one another which is why it is necessary for us to have an ethical response to the social reality of cultural tension. Why not get along to help make the world a better place to live in.

Down Syndrome Essay -- Biology Biological Medical Essays

Down Syndrome They used to be called "Mongoloids," an ethnic insult coined by John Langdon Down, an English physician during the nineteenth century. But now they are known as people, individuals with a condition known as Down syndrome. (3). It wasn't until the 1960s that Jerome Lejeune and Patricia Jacobs discovered the cause of Down syndrome (also called trisomy 21). But with technological advancements within the scientific community, more and more information has been gathered about the condition that affects about one in every one thousand children born around the world. (4). Research shows that Down syndrome is a genetic condition caused by certain chromosomal abnormalities. Chromosomes within cells are composed of proteins and genetic information in the form of DNA. Human cells normally contain 23 pairs of chromosomes to make a total of 46 chromosomes in each cell. When sex cells (eggs and sperm) divide through the process of meiosis, one cell splits into two parts so that each of the resulting cells only has 23 chromosomes, rather than 46. But many errors can occur during cell division. During meiosis, the chromosomes are supposed to split and go to different areas of the cell. This step in the process of meiosis is called disjunction. But sometimes during cell division, a chromosome will not detach and it will stay with its pair chromosome. This results in one of the new cells having 24 chromosomes and the other having only 22 chromosomes. An error such as this is called nondisjunction. If a cell with this error mates with a normal cell, the fert ilized egg will end up with an uneven number of chromosomes. (3). In the instance of Down syndrome, 95 percent of all cases are caused by nondisjunction, and 90 p... ... some cells, researchers get closer and closer each year to discovering the mystery of trisomy 21. With every new development, and with increased education and research, the quality of life improves for the people who, not long ago, were exiled from society for being "different" from other people. Internet Sources: 1)"Prenatal Screening for Down Syndrome", http://www.ds-health.com/prenatal.htm 2)"Comprehensive Speech and Language Treatment for Infants, Toddlers, and Children with Down Syndrome", http://www.ds-health.com/speech.htm 3)"Trisomy 21: The Story of Down Syndrome", http://www.ds-health.com/trisomy.htm 4)Down Syndrome: Background Information", http://www.nas.com/downsyn/faq1.html 5)About Down Syndrome", http://www.ndss.org/aboutds/aboutds.html#PPgenetic 6)About Down Syndrome http://www.ndss.org/aboutds/aboutds.html#PPmedical

The Soldier – Rupert Broke

â€Å"The Soldier† is a sonnet-type poem composed by a First World War veteran and also a war poet named Rupert Brooke. This sonnet finds a soldier speculating about his possible death as we goes away to war, which he feels should not be mourned, but understood as part of a selfless tribute to his much-loved England. This poem was written as the First World War broke out in 1914, as part of a series of many sonnets written by Rupert Brooke. Patriotism is a true form of love.It is a form of love which is pure, yet which has the ability to rage fire for the sake of itself. It is the form of love which is unconditional, immense, true and real for one's land, one's true mother. Rupert Brooke has presented his patriotism in a spectacular way in this poem. The poem encompasses the memories of a fallen soldier who declares his patriotism to his homeland by stating that his sacrifice shall be the eternal ownership of England. It also deals with the death and accomplishments of a soldi er.In the opening lines Rupert Brooke has presented his patriotism in such a forceful expression that he considers the sand in which he would be buried, be it a foreign land, will become an English sand, the richness of which will further be increased by the fertility of an English body of a passionately patriotic soul. The idea of an unnamed â€Å"corner of a foreign field† where the soldier will be buried speaks of the unsung and anonymous nature of death in war. Yet the notion that this small space will â€Å"forever† be part of England elevates the sacrifice the soldier makes— as if he has in a small way conquered this land.The soft alliteration here lends these opening lines a subdued tone. He goes on to say that England was his birth place and it shaped what kind of person he became. It influenced his thoughts and beliefs. England taught him about love, loyalty, and honor. His soul will be immortal, because he fought for England. The association and inclin ation of his mind and body towards his country is vigorously explained when he claims to create an English land, of an English body, bore by England, brought up by England and educated and fed by England, in the land he will be buried.The poet also emphasizes on England’s abundance and pastoral beauty as a kind gift. He refers to himself as a child who grew up under the English sunshine; bathe in the English rivers, breathing the fresh air of the English countryside and whose destiny is shaped by the nation itself. His death is justified, because he died for England. His evil deeds don't matter anymore, because he did what was right; he fought for his country. Whatever evil things he had done will be forgiven as he died while defending his motherland.His preceding desire is for all present and future generations to think that his heart is reconciled to the good of his country with no evil intentions hidden, but a lively mind in the afterlife which will project the fondest tho ughts given by England. His death allows him to only remember the good things about England. It also allows for someone else to come and take his place. He is passing on all the dreams and thoughts that England taught him onto the next generation of soldier; so that he can fight with as much heart and honor as he did. The soldier lists all the wonderful experiences that the soldier has gained from England.These pleasant thoughts and memories will be given back to God as the soldier becomes one with Him. The sights and sounds that are experienced by the poet in his younger days and the boyhood dreams that are as clear as the day, the laughter of youth from the circle of friends and that gentleness of heart, whose soul will rest in peace under an English heaven. The poem ends with a startling proposition— the soldier finds rest and peace at last in heaven, but heaven has been transformed by the thoughts and memories that the soldier has given to God.This heaven is now â€Å"an English heaven†: the connection with England will remain forever unbroken. The sonnet’s turn from an idyllic or idealized vision of England to the idea of a transcendent and literally heavenly England is complete. These final lines are showing the happiness that England has given him. And because he fought for England he will forever be at peace in an English heaven with only good thoughts and laughter in his heart. The plot of this poem reinforces its meaning because it deals with death and love.These are two powerful things that evoke feeling in people. It helps to create an image in the poem of a man who is very brave and would do anything for his country. The meaning in the poem is straightforward. The author dedicates the poem to death and love. QESTION Q. Describe the way Rupert Brooke feels about England. What does he mean by â€Å"a richer dust†? Answer: â€Å"The Soldier† is a sonnet-type poem composed by a First World War veteran and also a war poet named Rupert Brooke.This sonnet finds a soldier speculating about his possible death as we goes away to war, which he feels should not be mourned, but understood as part of a selfless tribute to his much-loved England. This poem was written as the First World War broke out in 1914, as part of a series of many sonnets written by Rupert Brooke. Patriotism is a true form of love. It is a form of love which is pure, yet which has the ability to rage fire for the sake of itself. It is the form of love which is unconditional, immense, true and real for one's land, one's true mother.Rupert Brooke has presented his patriotism in a spectacular way in this poem. The poem encompasses the memories of a fallen soldier who declares his patriotism to his homeland by stating that his sacrifice shall be the eternal ownership of England. Rupert Brooke has presented his patriotism in such a forceful expression that he considers the sand in which he would be buried, be it a foreign land, will beco me an English sand, the richness of which will further be increased by the fertility of an English body of a passionately patriotic soul.The idea of an unnamed â€Å"corner of a foreign field† where the soldier will be buried speaks of the unsung and anonymous nature of death in war. Yet the notion that this small space will â€Å"forever† be part of England elevates the sacrifice the soldier makes— as if he has in a small way conquered this land. He goes on to say that England was his birth place and it shaped what kind of person he became. It influenced his thoughts and beliefs. England taught him about love, loyalty, and honor. His soul will be immortal, because he fought for England.The association and inclination of his mind and body towards his country is vigorously explained when he claims to create an English land, of an English body, bore by England, brought up by England and educated and fed by England, in the land he will be buried. The poet also emph asizes on England’s abundance and pastoral beauty as a kind gift. He refers to himself as a child who grew up under the English sunshine; bathe in the English rivers, breathing the fresh air of the English countryside and whose destiny is shaped by the nation itself. His death is justified, because he died for England.His evil deeds don't matter anymore, because he did what was right; he fought for his country. Whatever evil things he had done will be forgiven as he died while defending his motherland. His preceding desire is for all present and future generations to think that his heart is reconciled to the good of his country with no evil intentions hidden, but a lively mind in the afterlife which will project the fondest thoughts given by England. He is passing on all the dreams and thoughts that England taught him onto the next generation of soldier; so that he can fight with as much heart and honor as he did.The sights and sounds that are experienced by the poet in his y ounger days and the boyhood dreams that are as clear as the day, the laughter of youth from the circle of friends and that gentleness of heart, whose soul will rest in peace under an English heaven. The soldier finds rest and peace at last in heaven, but heaven has been transformed by the thoughts and memories that the soldier has given to God. This heaven is now â€Å"an English heaven†: the connection with England will remain forever unbroken. The sonnet’s turn from an idyllic or idealized vision of England to the idea of a transcendent and literally heavenly England is complete.These final lines are showing the happiness that England has given him. As he fought for England he will forever be at peace in an English heaven with only good thoughts and laughter in his heart. The poet indicates himself by the word â€Å"a richer dust†. He says that the richness of the foreign land where he will die will be enriched by the fertility of an English body of a passiona tely patriotic soul. This poem deals with the death and accomplishments of a soldier. The author dedicates the poem to death and love.

Manifest Design, By Thomas R. Hietala - 1128 Words

Manifest Design delivers a detailed history of America’s struggle to make Texas a territory of the United States and furthermore what to do with it once it becomes a state. Thomas R. Hietala’s, Manifest Design, is set in the 1840s, explaining America’s idea of Manifest Destiny and how that effected American commerce, territory, policy and etc. Though America struggled with gaining territory in the west Hietala’s arguments mainly focus on the debate to annex Texas. Expanding U.S. territories during the 1840s was driven by Americas desire not only to acquire more land but also for ports, markets and more secure boundaries (Hietala 6). Many believed that it was not necessary to bring Texas into the Union and to make it officially apart of the United States. John Tyler, Green and Senator Calhoun played an important role in forming public opinion in regard to the â€Å"Texas† debate. He believed Britain was scheming to abolish slavery in Texas; thereby damaging the U.S. economy (Hietala 19). In the 1840s the United States produced sugar and cotton more cheaply than India, which at the time was British territory. If Britain were to effectively abolish slavery in Texas it would once again become an economic powerhouse. It would â€Å"transfer the production of cotton, rice and sugar . . . to colonial possession† effectively monopolizing the economy (Hietala 23). Although the U.S. economy and the possibility of British economic Monopoly was a concern to the people of the United States thereShow MoreRelatedManifest Destiny the Mexican-American War Essay2187 Words   |  9 PagesDiscuss the motivations from both sides for the Mexican-American war of 1846-1848? Was Manifest Destiny the driving factor or was it something else? The Mexican-American war fought between 1846 and 1848 remains a topic of much contention amongst modern historians. Differing accounts and conclusions of the war are often presented and one must remain pragmatic when analysing both primary and secondary sources regarding the war. There is a clear time line of events that led to the outbreak of